I haven’t given a spelling test in three years. We read. A lot. We work on vocabulary. We talk about commonly misspelled words and have a reference sheet in our writing binders. We put new words we learn on our word wall. How do I “test?” We write daily and do a major writing every month (a week of presenting, a week of drafting, a week of revising, a week of editing and putting together a final draft). Word on the word wall or in the writing binder should be spelled correctly. We also discuss looking up words you aren’t sure of the spelling on whether it be by asking a friend, asking me, googling (1-1 district), or using the dictionary. Their writing is where I get my spelling grades.
I’m sorry, but lists don’t work. The kids know how to spell them Friday for the test and then write them incorrectly on Monday when you have them write in their journals or begin drafting a piece. I fully agree with the last part of your post. Context. It matters. They can’t truly learn to spell by writing the words three times each, taking basically a rote memorization test, and then never seeing them again.